Compare and Contrast Poems ‘Still I Rise’ and ‘I Shall Return’ Essay

The poems I am comparing and contrasting are ‘Still I Rise’ and ‘I Shall Return.’ The main similarity between these poems is to do with the theme. They both talk about confidence and mental strength. The poets both have had very different upbringings, but have both been depressed at one point in their lives. The woman who wrote ‘Still I Rise’, Maya Angelou, was born in Saint Louis. Maya was sent to live with her grandmother after she was raped by her mother’s boyfriend. Soon after, she moved to San Francisco, to try to forget about her troubled childhood. She wrote the bestseller â€Å"I Know Why the Cage Bird Sings† as she travelled, and can now speak fluently in lots of languages. ‘Still I Rise’ is based on Maya’s childhood; being treated unfairly, but still coming back with confidence. The other poet was a man, Claude McKay, who was born in Jamaica. He moved to America and founded ‘African blood brothers.’ Shortly after, he moved to London where he died of a heart attack. His poem, ‘I Shall Return’ shows he wanted other people to be grateful for what they had, and to show he had happier times in his childhood. Also, it’s the start of your life; the only time you can control your future, which is a very important thing in this poem as I feel he wishes that he could have stayed in the happy place of his childhood, and that it could have changed his whole life. The way he talks about his recent pain â€Å"To ease my mind of long, long years of pain† and the way he uses repetition emphasises the fact he couldn’t get away from the pain. ‘Still I rise’ is about Maya Angelou’s history. When you read the poem, you feel she has had a bad past, even if you do not know anything about her. The main themes in the poem are about discrimination, and being ill-treated but still coming across as the stronger one. She repeats â€Å"I’ll rise† throughout the poem, showing she has high hopes for herself. Towards the end of the poem, she starts to say â€Å"I rise,† which shows she is happy with how she is now, and possibly happy with the way people treat her. The point in this poem is to show that Maya had personal problems, but wanted to show she had enough inner strength to write about them, and that she wanted someone to listen to what she had to say. The way ‘I Shall Return’ is written helps with how you interpret the poem. McKay wrote the poem in present tense â€Å"To laugh and love and watch with wonder-eyes†, but explains his dreams in the future tense â€Å"I Shall Return to hear the fiddle and fife†. This makes it obvious that his dreams aren’t yet fulfilled, but he hopes they will eventually. The theme is clear all the way through the poem. He repeats â€Å"I shall return, I shall return again,† to show his desire to return to the place of his happy childhood memories. McKay idealised his childhood, he ignored any imperfections and suggests his childhood was perfect. When he went to America, he noticed how much people didn’t respect their life, but this just made him realise how much he had, and he just let it go. The repetition he uses in the poem emphasises his longing to make people appreciate what they have. Another of the main comparisons is that both poems are very personal; they decipher the poets’ childhoods and longings in life. The poems uncover the poets’ history, present lives’, and what they desire in the future. The poems both have pastoral and natural imagery amongst them, â€Å"The forest fires burn† from ‘I Shall Return,’ and â€Å"Just like moons and suns† from ‘Still I Rise.’ This is a comparison; however, they explain them in a completely different context, Maya describing them as ‘on her side’ as she compares them with herself, turning the words into metaphors and using personification. Whereas McKay uses the natural imagery as a relaxing thing as he uses calm words such as ‘loiter’ and ‘bathe’ which makes this a contrasting point. The way the poets have done this is a brilliant way to get the poem flowing with different moods, whilst still getting their purpose across. Angelou talks in a relaxing style, but uses rhetorical questions. This makes her sound challenging and possibly even angry. McKay uses slight aggression and anger in ‘I shall return.’ He uses bold imagery to do this. He also talks about natural things like â€Å"forest fires burn† and â€Å"blades of the bending grasses† and uses personification to make them seem like bad things, like blades of knives, and the burning of flames. However, he does also express his ‘washed away’ feeling vaguely, â€Å"†¦the streams that bathe the†¦Ã¢â‚¬  shows he has a lot of respect for things that happen everyday and shows how much beauty they actually have. The poets make points and raise ideas about confidence whilst they talk about their childhood â€Å"Did you want to see me broken?† (‘Still I Rise’) makes a point of something that hurt her in the past, but now she shows she has enough strength to ask those questions she always wanted to know. That is similar in both poems, but talk in completely different attitudes, whilst explaining similar things. In my opinion, both poems are equally as good. ‘Still I rise’ uses very strong metaphors to bring back how Maya feels about black female history. â€Å"I’m a black ocean, leaping and wide, welling and swelling†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is a brilliant phrase, using strong personification. A â€Å"black ocean† takes the biggest thing on the planet, and uses black to make it seem mysterious. â€Å"Welling and swelling† could be annotated in two different ways; that black history is becoming more recognised as a big thing, or, the â€Å"welling and swelling† of a woman’s stomach when she is pregnant, emphasising the fact women play a big part in the world, that they are the ones who bring children into the world, and happiness. ‘I shall return’ is short but to the point. Claude takes beautiful things and ‘twists’ them, to make them seem they have a strong personality of their own. This poem is very effective with the way Claude uses very bold imagery. He takes things that people come across every day, but don’t take them into consideration in the way they should.

Stock and Berkshire Hathaway

1. What is the possible meaning of the changes in stock price for Berkshire Hathaway and Scottish Power plc on the day of the acquisition announcement? Specifically, what does the $2. 17-billion gain in Berkshire’s market value of equity imply about the intrinsic value of PacifiCorp? The significant change in stock prices for Berkshire Hathaway and Scottish Power plc is partially due to the wide variety of products produced under these names. The approval of these investments and products are indicated by the overall market because they are creating value for both the buyer and the seller. Berkshire Hathaway is responsible for eight different types of product ranging from insurance and financial products to retail including wholesale distributing and apparel along with an array of smaller businesses. Warren Buffett’s name goes a long way based on the type of work and success he has had in the past. His decision to run the company in the interests of the shareholders has proven to be successful. â€Å"In 1977, Berkshire Hathaway’s year-end closing share price was $102; on May 24, 2005 the closing price on Class A shares reached $85,500†. It seems that Warren Buffett refuses to ‘split’ the firm’s share price in order to make it more accessible to everyday investors is because of the value of the company and the contribution that these investors have made to Berkshire Hathaway. They make risky decisions and expect a successful outcome which in turn results in a profitable project. The $2. 17-billion gain in Berkshire’s market value implies that the intrinsic value of PacifiCorp is increasing as well. The market value may be different than the intrinsic value however the intrinsic value is the actual value of the company including assets and the underlying perception of that value. Both tangible and intangible factors may be included. Therefore the intrinsic value of the PacifiCorp is on the rise with the amount of revenue they are generating. 1. Based on the multiples for comparable regulated utilities, what is the range of possible values for PacifiCorp? What questions might you have about this range? PacifiCorp |Revenue |EBIT |EBITDA |Net Income |EPS |Book Value | |Median |$6. 252B |$8. 775B |$9. 023B |$7. 96B |$4. 277B |$5. 904B | |Mean |$6. 584B |$9. 289B |$9. 076B |$7. 553B |$4. 308B |$5. 678B | | For the most part, the means are higher than the medians for the enterprise financial value of PacifiCorp. 2. Assess the bid for PacifiCorp. How does it compare with the firm’s intrinsic value? As an alternative, the instructor could suggest that students perform a simple di scounted cash flow (DCF) analysis. Warren Buffett and Berkshire Hathaway’s bid of $5. 1 billion for PacifiCorp was a risky yet profitable move for the pair. With the average revenue earning of $6. 584 billion and an average net income of $7. 53 billion, the earnings seem to exceed the overall cost of purchasing this corporation. PacifiCorp had steady returns for numerous years as presented below. 5. 4 percent of their stock was preferred stock for two consecutive years with dividends of $1. 35 per share. With the wide range of businesses under their belt including, insurance, apparel, building products, finance and financial products, flight services, retail, grocery distribution and carpet and floor coverings along with an assortment of smaller businesses, PacifiCorp would just be another notch in the belt of Warren Buffet. His investment strategies have proven to be profitable and his decisions have proven to be knowledgeable and successful. The intrinsic value of the corporation will definitely be of value to Warren Buffett and Berkshire Hathaway based on PacifiCorp’s earnings, financial worth and the value of their assets in years prior to Warren Buffett’s acquisition. [pic][pic] 3. How well has Berkshire Hathaway performed? How well has it performed in the aggregate? What about its investment in MidAmerican Energy Holdings? Berkshire Hathaway has become an investing empire. Their enterprise value in 2005 was nearly $520 billion. Taking a look at their current value is no different. According to Berkshire Hathaway’s most recent 10K report (2010), they had 1,648,000 outstanding shares of class A stock. At the end of 2010 the price of the class A stock was $120,450 per share. If we use the formula for market capitalization we get: Market Capitalization = Outstanding shares * share price Market Capitalization = 1,648,000*120,450 Market Capitalization = 198,501,600,000 We then use the 10K to find their cash, cash equivalents and debt for 2010. According to their annual report they had cash and cash equivalents of $2,673,000,000 and a reported debt of $6,621,000,000. We then use these numbers to find the current enterprise value: Enterprise value = 198,501,600,000-2,673,000,000+6,621,000,000 Enterprise value = 202,449,600,000 These estimates from 2005 and 2010 show us that Berkshire Hathaway did lose some value; however they still have an enterprise value of over $200 billion. This shows us that even through the last few years when the United States has been in an economic recession overall they have remained strong. Using Yahoo Finance we see that there was a slight drop in stock A prices in February of 2009 when it reached a low of about $78,000 per share. But by the end of 2009, prices rose back to above $100,000 per share and have remained, showing consistency and continuing to build shareholder confidence. Berkshire Hathaway has increased its interest in MidAmerican from 88. 6% to 89. 8% since 2005. By doing this it only adds even more value to Berkshire Hathaway as MidAmerican is a leading provider of natural gas for more than 2. 4 million customers. The investment has surely paid off as the 2010 annual report showed 1. 13 billion dollars of earnings for Berkshire from MidAmerican. 4. What is your assessment of Berkshire’s investments in Buffett’s â€Å"Big Four†: American Express, Coca-Cola, Gillette (now part of Procter and Gamble), and Wells Fargo? With a little more than 150,000,000 shares of American Express, Berkshire Hathaway owns about 12. 6% of the company. It initially cost about $1,300,000,000 to invest in these shares. As of today the market value is right around $7,500,000,000. As you can see, Investing in American Express has turned out to be a smart move for Buffet as they have seen over $6. 2 Billion in profit. American Express shows a consistent trend year after year of making a profit and continues to be a safe and attractive purchase. Berkshire owns around 200,000,000 shares of Coca-Cola coming out to be about 8. 6% ownership of the company. The cost of these shares was about $1,300,000,000 and the market value of the shares today has grown to be almost $13,400,000,000. Again we see a smart investment, with Coca-Cola producing a $12. billion dollar profit for Berkshire. Coca-Cola continues to be a leader in effectively running their finances as it seems their stock prices rises every year. They carry low debt and our consistent fitting perfect into the Berkshire mold. Berkshire Hathaway owns close to 73,000,000 shares of Procter and Gamble. These shares are equal to a 2. 6% ownership of Procter and Gamble. When they invested this cost them $464,000,00 0. Today these shares are worth around $4,800,000,000. Again we see that this investment has worked out in favor of Buffet and Berkshire Hathaway. Proctor and Gamble carries a low amount of debt and produces a high net income and continues to grow year in and year out making Buffet and other investor’s very happy shareholders. The last company Wells Fargo, Berkshire has about a 6. 8% ownership of or roughly holds around 360,000,000 shares. The cost of the Wells Fargo stock to Berkshire was estimated at around $8,000,000,000. In today’s market these shares hold a value of about $10,600,000,000. Even though this is a profit of about $2. 6 billion I’m not sure if Buffett is extremely happy with this investment. Proctor and Gambles stock price is relatively low giving it much room to grow however over the last couple of years it has fluctuated quite a bit. Out of the four investments this is definitely the least effective and efficient. 5. From Warren Buffett’s perspective, what is the intrinsic value? Why is it accorded such importance? How is it estimated? What are the alternatives to intrinsic value? Why does Buffett reject them? As I already stated, intrinsic value is found by using a company’s stock price and their earnings per share. People tend to buy the stocks that they feel are worth more than what the market claims they are worth adding to the notion of a company’s intrinsic value. Warren Buffet obviously does much more than the average person when he chooses stocks to invest in as we can see from the amount of money he and Berkshire Hathaway have. When deciding whether or not to invest in a company he looks at the return on equity of a company to see the consistency of a company’s performance and how much equity they are able to generate for their shareholders. Buffet performs this calculation year after year to be sure that the company is consistent. Next, he looks at the company’s debt to equity ratio to be sure that the company is avoiding large amounts of debt. None of the companies he invests in have higher liabilities than assets as he believes that debt in large amounts is a bad thing. In order for him to be willing to invest he must see that the company is or will be highly profitable for years to come. If the company hasn’t been publically traded for at least 10 years more times than not, he won’t even consider investing. He does not believe in short-term success; he claims that â€Å"in the short-term, the market is a popularity contest. He chooses stocks by looking at the overall ability and potential of a company rather than how they perform in the short-term ignoring the supply/demand attraction. When Buffet considers companies for the long-term, he looks at them more as an owner than a shareholder concerned with receiving capital gains. He is concerned with the individual company and their abili ty to make money over the long-term. He prefers to act as almost an owner and less of a shareholder concerned with receiving capital gains. 6. Critically assess Buffett’s investment philosophy. Be prepared to identify points where you agree and disagree with him. . Economic reality, not accounting reality. When looking at a business, Warren Buffet looks at the economic reality as opposed to the accounting reality. Accounting reality looks at a company using the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to determine the value of the company. GAAP covers revenue recognition, balance sheet item classification, and outstanding share measurements. Economic reality is broader than accounting reality and includes intangible assets, such as patents, trademarks, special managerial expertise, and reputation of the company. When looking at the value of a company looking at the economic reality makes more sense because it includes intangible assets that can’t be computed, but are an important factor for the value of a company. For example, the reputation of a company cannot be quantified, but reputation is valuable in the sense that a company with a good reputation will draw more favor from customers and investors while a company with a bad reputation will drive away customers and potential investors. 2. The cost of lost opportunity. This compares an investment opportunity against the next best alternative. What this means is that when making a decision as to whether to invest in one company or the other, choices are made as either/or decisions rather than yes/no. By looking at companies this way, Buffet is able to see how investing in one company would compare by looking at the potential returns on common stock from investing in another company. 3. Value creation: time is money. In terms of value creation, Buffet believes that intrinsic value is a better indicator of future expected performance as opposed to using book value. Intrinsic value is the discounted value of the cash that can be taken out of a business during its remaining life while, book value is the number of total assets a company has minus intangible assets and liabilities. What makes the intrinsic value a better indicator of future expected performance is the fact that book value may not reflect the economic reality because depending on the relationship between expected returns and the discount rate; value can either be gained or lost. What this means is that the estimates of the return on equity can drastically change whether or not a company is seen as valuable. . Measure performance by gain in intrinsic value. Performance is measured by gain in intrinsic value as opposed to accounting profit. Warren Buffet says that Berkshire’s performance is not measured by the size of the company, but by the companies per share progress. The gain of intrinsic value is modeled as the value added by a business compared to the cost for the use of capital in that business. Other forms of measuring performance look at the ability to earn returns in excess of the cost of capital. By looking at per share progress, it is easier to see growth in a company than by looking at how large it is because a large company does not mean that it is a profitable company or that their growth is related to an increase in profit, if anything their growth could just be related to a large number of acquisitions. 5. Risk and discount rates. When looking at risk and discount rates, instead of using the traditional capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to estimate discount rates, Buffet chooses to use the rate of return on the long term treasury bond to discount cash flows. The CAPM model of estimating discount rates adds in a risk premium to the long term risk free rate of return, while Buffet’s method avoids risk altogether and uses a risk-free discount rate. The reason behind this is that Buffet likes to invest in companies with predictable and stable earnings and avoid financing his firm with debt. Overall this is a smart strategy because if there was ever an economic crisis, like there was a few years ago, a company not financed with debt and low risk would pull through better than a company who had many high risk investments and was financed by debt. . Diversification. Buffet’s view on diversification is that it is an unnecessary precaution, and that instead of inventing in many stocks to avoid risk, it would be more profitable to wait for one exceptional company to invest in. The logic behind this makes sense, but the execution is difficult because of the fact that the stock market is so volatile and investors do not have all of the information necessary to make an informed decision with 100% confidence that there investment will pay off. There is also the fact that some investment opportunities may be missed if companies wait too long to find that one exceptional company to invest in. 7. Investing behavior should be driven by information, analysis, and self-discipline, not by emotion or â€Å"hunch†. Buffet believes that stock prices have become unreliable measure of intrinsic value of a company because they are influenced by the fear and greed of investors. He also doesn’t believe in the efficient markets hypothesis (EMH), which states that stock prices are fair in reflecting what was known about a company. Buffet disapproves of this theory because he believes that stock prices do not accurately portray the intrinsic value of the company and believing in this theory prevents investors from seeing the bigger picture on how the stock market really works. It is important to use information and analysis of companies when making an investment decision because you can’t always trust the information that is given and the information given may not give the whole picture on the value of a company. 8. Alignment of agents and owners. When it comes to investing Buffet believes that an alignment of agents and owners is important. This means that the needs of the company are that of the needs of the shareholders. Keeping the needs of the shareholders first is important to having a successful business. If shareholders are happy, businesses can expect to receive a good supply of cash flow from investments. Shareholder wealth can also lead to more profits in the company as well as the company will be focused on long term profit maximization and not just the short term. 7. Should Berkshire Hathaway’s shareholders endorse the acquisition of PacifiCorp? While looking at PacifiCorp’s Consolidated Financial Statement (Exhibit 7) PacifiCorp’s income from operations before tax fits the criteria 1 presented in Berkshire Hathaway’s acquisition criteria (Exhibit 8) by having more than $75 million in pretax earnings, (PacifiCorp has $4. 2 billion. ) However, they do carry about $3. 92 billion in long-term debt, which fails criteria 3 in Exhibit 8. They do however, fill criteria 2 in Exhibit 8 by bringing in about $3. 6 million more in net income from 2005 to 2004 (Exhibit 7) although more data would be needed to see if PacifiCorp was consistently earning a profit. Compared to 6 other companies in the same field in Exhibit 9, PacifiCorp doesn’t seem like the best investment. PacifiCorp is number 2 for total assets, but also number 2 for total liabilities. This goes in hand with their total long-term debt as they are also number 2, but for short-term debt they are number 5. For total debt they are number 2. For total revenue before taxes, PacifiCorp is number 4. What these numbers mean is that compared to other companies, it seems that PacifiCorp is a more risky investment. PacifiCorp generally has more debt and is not bringing in as much revenue, though they still have positive growth in net income. Another source of concern is that PacifiCorp has very low earnings per share with a EPS of just $0. 81 with the next competitor having an EPS of $1. 42 (Exhibit 10). From looking at the data presented in the tables, shareholders should not endorse the acquisition of PacifiCorp because the company fails several criteria that were established by Berkshire Hathaway as guidelines for acquiring corporations, and it is unlikely that the acquisition will result in the 15% annual growth of the intrinsic value of the firm.

Literature On Teacher Professionalism And The Vocational...

What does it mean to be a ‘good’ teacher’? Discuss in relation to the literature on teacher professionalism and the vocational culture of teaching Introduction Teachers are role models who share their knowledge and passion for a subject to their students. They do not only have the technical ability to teach but they also have the mental capacity to deal with many challenging students to assess each situation in a pragmatic manner. Teachers have collective attributes which help the students to learn and excel during their academic years. One of this is that they challenge the students by giving them extra work in order for the students to develop more skills to help them in their academic years. This will able the teachers to get feedback†¦show more content†¦Also the governments and the teachers’ perspectives on the notion of an ideal teacher? In the first section of the essay, it will be an outline of what is ‘identity’, how people form an identity and how identity is a crucial part of teaching as a profession. Teacher Identity ‘It is not entirely possible to answer the question what is identity?’ (Lawler, 2008). Identity as a term is quite difficult to define adequately in the sense that it is a contradictory phrase explaining both sameness and uniqueness. Many theorists such as Marcia and Erikson have attempted to answer this difficult question but rather define the process and identified the influences as there is not an exact definition for this complex process. The word itself derives from a Latin lexes item which means identical, supporting the fact that people often express who they are through common identities with others. Such as women, men even teachers. However in a contradicting sense people also achieve a sense of identity through uniqueness, relying on ‘not being something else’ (Lawler, 2008). This combination ultimately represents a ‘balance between self and others’. Identity is believed to form adolescents influenced by both social and individual elements, as one tries to identify themselves striving for self-satisfaction. Also the desire to achieve certain criteria or profile in order to feel as they belong to a particular niche. ‘For the child whose earlier years have been deprived –

Importance Of Criminology In Modern Society - 764 Words

Criminology is The study of crime, of attempts to control it, and attitudes to it. Crime is interpreted in its widest sense, so as to include minor as well as major law-breaking... according to Walsh and poole 1983.However in reality, criminology has advanced and evolved over the past few decades that there is no specific description or definition of the term and its role in modern society; as it’s a key part in all aspects and its impact on society cant be listed as it’s a never-ending list. In this essay I will try to express the importance of criminology by discussing the links and impact criminology has on certain aspects of society such as media crime and moral panics. The reason I have chosen these 2 topics is due to them†¦show more content†¦If one business/individuals have too much control over the media, this can influence public opinion on a range of issues, for example who to vote for in a general election. An example of this in todays society is t he daily telegraph who are supporters of the conservative party and so much so that they have earned the nickname Torygraph. Meaning during the run up to the general election the newspaper focused on the differentiating policies between conservatives and labour. One differentiating point between the parties was their thoughts on immigration with labour being more relaxed om immigrants and conservatives wanting to place more rules and regulations in place to reduce the numbers of immigrants entering the UK. Due to this the daily telegraph took advantage of their power and created moral panic in the public to vote for conservatives by publishing negative stories on immigrants and exaggerating them so that more people would vote for tories due to the negative news published and them supporting that policy. Moral Panics A moral panic is best described as a widespread fear. 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The Bystander Effect And Racism - 913 Words

Because we are more likely to help those that are similar to us, we are more likely to help those that are of the same race as us. According to Marsh and Keltner (2006), â€Å"Research has shown that people are more likely to help those they perceive to be similar to them, including others from their own racial or ethnic groups. We don’t like to discover that our propensity for altruism can depend on prejudice†¦Ã¢â‚¬  We can connect the evidence provided to explain issues of the bystander effect and racism. For example, when people witness a situation of racism, they are probably only going to help if it is someone from the same racial group. However, if it were someone foreign to his or her group, then that would ignore the issue and not step in. Regarding the Holocaust and many other world issues, people probably did not care for it or paid attention because it did not concern people of their own kind. 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Essay about the Effective Business Communication

Question: Write an essay about the Effective Business Communication. Answer: Introduction Thill and Bovee, (2013) mention that effective business communication plays a crucial importance in developing the communication skills of the people for better interaction both in the workplace and in personal. In this process, the speaker, as well as the listener, shares their experience for better understanding their skills and ability to share responsibility. In this essay, I am going to represent what I have learned from the course study in the context of the effective business communication and what I have gained from the each weeks lectures, tutorial activities and assigned journal articles that have been provided to me during four weeks of the course. Furthermore, I will describe how these academic activities help me to understand the importance and develop my skills and how it will encourage me to improve my communication skills as I have learned about the difference between the interpersonal communication skills and the interpersonal communication skills. I also came to kno w that I possess a passive behavior and have to develop my assertive behavioral skills. This essay will wrap up with overall insights and observation from the learning outcomes during these four weeks. Discussion Week 1: In the first week, I have learned about the theory of professional communication and its related ethics. Moreover, our lecturer not only makes us understand the theories of effective communication but they have also taught us about the different model related with the same context. This lecture helps me to realize that from effective communication; our identity reflects by which a person can distinguish us compared to others and helps us to behave appropriately in social gathering that enhances our social interaction with people. I have learned that in an efficient communication it is important to maintain abstractness so that all the listeners will understand the conceptual fact one delivers. I have also learned about the difference between interpersonal and intrapersonal relationship which resembles that our though and its consequence like anger, love and patience is intrapersonal behavior while how we communicate with them in the workplace, the social gathering is known as interpersonal communication. Our class also conducts the tutorials for presenting the difference by showing us some videos from where I understand that I have to behave more patiently from others instrumental communication. The tutors also help me to understand the dissimilarity between verbal and non-verbal communication that one is a single channeled communication style while the other is the multichannel communication and can be gathered by textbooks and audio excerpts. I also learned about the types of non-verbal messages and understanding the listening process and it related importance. The provided tutorials help me how to express my views and how I can communicate during project seminars by preparing an outline and practicing the content for the symposium, which will helps me to improve my communication skills to others. These non-verbal tutorials help me to improve my body orientation so that I can interpret my attitude to others by making different postures like thumb up for a plan approval, handshakes to represent formal meetings. The provided journal article in the weak one helps me to define the listening process, following which I can retrieve information juts by listening some audio and ca n evaluate by making a judgment to the sound and respond accordingly. This listening ability gives me develop the remembering skills that help me to utilize my learned theories regarding effective communication in the future in my workplace. Week 2: In this week, we have learned about the procedure for developing effective delivering presentation to communicate with listeners. My tutor also makes me learn types of public speech during the second week. The course that I have also been providing comprise of the communication apprehension and ability to analyze the rhetorical situation that is the speaker, audience and occasion. The offered tutorials have the information regarding the formal and practical structure of the presentation and visual aids along with types of organizational presentations that will help me to present my thoughts in delivering performance throughout my life for better communication with the addresses. My tutor has made me learn about the types of speaking - one is given without any preparation like depicting some memorable incidences in social gatherings and other is a speech that is delivered with the help of the manuscripts and by properly rehearsing for the final dictation like in college semina rs and office conference. I also came to know that I become less confident while impromptu and extemporaneous form of speaking; however, I feel confident to deliver an effective speech when I am properly rehearsed with my content of the writing. Communication Apprehension is the following matter of concerned that is provided by my mentors and it makes me realized that whether we have fear or anxiety of being judged by others and can deliver a speech to them or not. The provided tutorials also help to make me learn that in Communication Apprehension, there is a Rhetorical Situation, where analysis is being made by the speaker, audience, an occasion and lastly in the context of the speech. I also came to know that analyzing the speaker resembles the situation what I want to speak and depict during my communication and what I know about the topic I am going to introduce. I usually prepare an effective introduction and the main content of the subject and an overall conclusion so that the listener can understand what I wanted to say and teach them. The assigned journal article also allow me to develop an idea that during a speech a dictator can motivate or encourage its audience by stating a practical impact of the presentation h e or she delivers. I have also learned that for an effective speech, all my content must be supported by other journal article or proved theories. All these gathered knowledge is going to help me for establishing a competence on a particular subject. Week 3: The primary objective for learning outcome is to develop small group communication and the undertaken procedure for this development. At the initial stage, I develop an idea that this course will help me in obtaining good marks in collaborative projects and also to get a good job in future. My tutor makes me learn that developing small group communication helps us to identify weakness and strength of our team members and we can resolve those situations for group development. Eve in the workplace these group discussion will help us to mitigate evolved conflicts. The tutorials we have been provided depict that small group communication makes us aware of the kind of nature and attitude everyone possess in the group. My tutors also encourage participating our class in learning activities so that we can learn to abut the difference between the group work and team work. Supported by the learning outcome, I came to know that when some individuals collaborate their work for accomplis hing a single task is known as the group work as I do with my classmates in a group projects. While on the other hand, teamwork signifies to achieve a common outcome by sharing a common goal and team purpose like in office premises. This knowledge helps me in future to work proficiently with my colleagues in my workplace. Another thing that I have learned during this week is how to conduct and communicate with the team members in a meeting. Moreover, from the tutorials I have learned that meeting can be of many types like Information-sharing meetings, where I can share my thoughts regarding a subject so that I can make everyone learn about what I know and what is my purpose of conducting the meeting. Another form of meeting that our tutors taught us is the decision making or problem solving meetings, which will help me in the future workplace for suggesting some methodologies or ideologies for the betterment of the system so that an efficient procedure can be implemented for the organization. The tutorial activities provide to us makes me learn that for an effective meeting it is important to decide what the primary concern of the conference is and the subject of the meeting that is going to be conducted. I also learned that that planning is necessary for initiating a session that comprises of general rules like how much to deliver and the time of the meeting is important to consider. Ultimately, the important thing that I learned is that from the entire previous week module I can improve my verbal and non-verbal communication skills that can I can implement in conducting a meeting in future. Week 5: In this week out tutors make, us learn about the difference between the intrapersonal and interpersonal communication so that we can develop an effective communication style not only to behave in our workplace but also in our family gathering and society. Moreover, from the provide tutorials I can understand when someone acts aggressively and delivers such messages. My tutors guide me to understand the aggressive communication when someone attacks with their thoughts verbally. I can learn from these tutorials that I sometimes became aggressive while making interpersonal communication with my family and sometimes to friends. Thus, I can assert that I have Situational aggressive communication. I have learned that it is equally important to value your professional as well your personal way of communication. Some of the provided journal articles are for determining the consequence of the aggressive verbal communication and from which I have learned that not only this antagonistic behavior reduces the level of job satisfaction but it also hampers my organizational commitment as nobody will like to share their thoughts, which will result in isolation in me. Furthermore, from the provided tutorials I have also learned about a passive form of communication. My tutor also taught that people usually have a fear to express their thoughts to other or a fear of rejection is known as passive communication. These tutorials make me realized that unlike many of my friends, initially I also have a fear to share my assumptions to other especially to my mentors. However, they have also helped me to overcome this fear by making me realize how it is important to communicate my needs and requirement to others and depict actual thinking, which will help me in future for a better collaborative attitude in my workplace. One of our assigned journal articles comprises of the theory of passive aggressive communication. These articles make me learn about the general nature of the passive aggressive people that they have a tendency to resent the demand to direct the view of other. White, (2015) depict that these people also attain international mistakes and hos tile attitude. The journal article also contains some traits by which I learned how to manage these kinds of people. One of such traits is to identify their behavior so that it doesn't escalate. Moreover, for my communication skills, it will be helpful to these people or this kind of behavior helps me to stay calm in such situation and rather identify the caused reason, which drives the person to behave in such manner. All these learning will help me to improve my personality for handling all kind of people. Conclusion This essay comprises of the effective communication learning for any of the four weeks. Week one makes me learn about the theory of professional communication and its related ethics. Moreover, from week 2 I have learned about the procedure for developing an effective delivering presentation. In the week 3 and four, my tutors and the tutorial activities help me to learn about the development of small group communication and the undertaken procedure for this development and the difference between intrapersonal and interpersonal communication. All the attained knowledge and tutorial activities regarding verbal and non-verbal communication help to conduct meetings, interviews and small group communication that will help me to communicate with people in the society as well in the future workplace. This assignment also emphasizes on the passive and assertive form of communication along with the impact of the passive aggressive communication attitude. The provide tutorials help to understan d the related consequence with such attitude and some measures for mitigating the occurrence of this kind of behavior. All this information develops the communication skills of an individual. Bibliography Almeida, R. T. D., Ciosak, S. I. (2013). Communication between the elderly person and the Family Health Team: is there integrality?.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem,21(4), 884-890. Blume, B. D., Baldwin, T. T., Ryan, K. C. (2013). Communication apprehension: A barrier to students' leadership, adaptability, and multicultural appreciation.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(2), 158-172. Brenner, A. B., Zimmerman, M. A., Bauermeister, J. A., Caldwell, C. H. (2013). Neighborhood context and perceptions of stress over time: an ecological model of neighborhood stressors and intrapersonal and interpersonal resources.American journal of community psychology,51(3-4), 544-556. Christenhusz, G. M., Devriendt, K., Peeters, H., Van Esch, H., Dierickx, K. (2014). The communication of secondary variants: interviews with parents whose children have undergone arrayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ CGH testing.Clinical genetics,86(3), 207-216. Hammick, J. K., Lee, M. J. (2014). Do shy people feel less communication apprehension online? The effects of virtual reality on the relationship between personality characteristics and communication outcomes.Computers in Human Behavior,33, 302-310. Hunt, D., Atkin, D., Krishnan, A. (2012). The influence of computer-mediated communication apprehension on motives for Facebook use.Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media,56(2), 187-202. Kaur, A. (2016). Effect of assertive communication training programme on teaching skills in relation to self esteem and locus of control among pupil teachers. Kim, S. W., Kim, J. O., Hwang, S. J. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,136,977. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Kimberly, C., Werner-Wilson, R. (2013). From John Lee to John Gottman: Recognizing intra-and interpersonal differences to promote marital satisfaction.Journal of Human Sciences and Extension Volume,1(2). McCroskey, J. C. (2012). 5 0 Oral Communication Apprehension: A Reconceptualization.Communication yearbook,6(6), 136. Mehta, N. K., Mehta, D., MEHTA, R. K. (2013). Apllication Of Engineering Ethics Through Effective Communication: Issues And Challenges.Oeconomics of Knowledge,5(3), 13. Shen, X. L., Cheung, C. M., Lee, M. K. (2013). Perceived critical mass and collective intention in social media-supported small group communication.International Journal of Information Management,33(5), 707-715. Smith, R. D. (2013). Intrapersonal and interpersonal communication. Tatnell, R., Kelada, L., Hasking, P., Martin, G. (2014). Longitudinal analysis of adolescent NSSI: the role of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors.Journal of abnormal child psychology,42(6), 885-896. Thill, J. V., Bove, C. L. (2013).Excellence in business communication. R. B. Chatterjee, K. Subramanian (Eds.). Pearson. Tiberius, R. G. (2013).Small group teaching: A trouble-shooting guide. Routledge. White, A. V. (2015). Writing for the Real World: Business Communication for College Students.Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice,15(4), 73.

Lysistrata Essays - Lysistrata, Women In War, Peloponnesian War

Lysistrata Aristophanes was a "craft" comedy poet in the fourth century B.C. during the time of the Peloponnesian War. Aristophanes' usual style was to be too satirical, and suggesting the outlandish. He shows little mercy when mocking Socrates and his "new-fangled ideas" which were most likely designed to destroy the cohesiveness of society and lead to anarchy, in his play The Clouds. The most absurd and humorous of Aristophanes' comedies are those in which the main characters, the heroes of the story, are women. Smart women. One of the most famous of Aristophanes' comedies depicting powerfully effectual women is the Lysistrata, named after the female lead character of the play. It portrays Athenian Lysistrata and the women of Athens teaming up with the women of Sparta to force their husbands to end the Peloponnesian War. To make the men agree to a peace treaty, the women seized the Acropolis, where Athens' financial reserves are kept, and prevented the men from squandering them further on the war. They then beat back an attack on their position by the old men who have remained in Athens while the younger men are out on campaign. When their husbands return from battle, the women refuse to have sex with them. This sex strike, which is portrayed in a series of (badly) exaggerated and blatant sexual innuendoes, finally convinces the men of Athens and Sparta to agree to a peace treaty. The Lysistrata shows women acting bravely and even aggressively against men who seem resolved on ruining the city-state by prolonging a pointless war and excessively expending reserves stored in the Acropolis. This in turn added to the destruction of their family life by staying away from home for long stretches while on military campaign. The men would come home when they could, sexually relieve themselves, and then leave again to continue a senseless war. The women challenge the masculine role model to preserve the traditional way of life of the community. When the women become challenged themselves, they take on the masculine characteristics and attitudes and defeat the men physically, mentally but most of all strategically. Proving that neither side benefits from it, just that one side loses more than the other side. It's easy to see why fourth century B.C. Athenian women would get tired of their men leaving. Most Athenian women married in their teens and never had to be on their own, and probably wouldn't know what to do if they did land on their own. The men leave for war and some don't return because of death or whatever reasons, so now a widow finds herself on her own, probably with children, and no one to take care of her or her children. She might be able to enter her male children as a journeyman/ward to a wealthy family (who either have no male children, or most likely lost their son(s) in one of the wars) that will raise him. The widow has few prospects. If she's young and attractive enough with the right domestic skills she might be able to remarry. But her lot isn't too promising. After all, why would you want a widow, when you could get a "fresh" wife to "break-in" the way you want and start a family from your own seed? According to Lysistrata it is easier to untangling multinational politics, stop wars and fighting than the women's work of sorting out wool. If you just stop war, it's settled, but with wool all tangles must be physically labored out by hand. Women's work is never done. Lysistrata insists that women have the intelligence and judgment to make political decisions. She came by her knowledge, she says, in the traditional way: "I am a woman, and, yes, I have brains. And I'm not badly off for judgment. Nor has my education been bad, coming as it has from my listening often to the conversations of my father and the elders among the men." Lysistrata was schooled in the traditional fashion, by learning from older men. Her old-fashioned training and good sense allowed her to see what needed to be done to protect the community. Like the heroines of tragedy, Lysistrata wants to put things back to the way they were. To do that, however, she has to become a revolutionary. Ending the war would be so easy that even women could do it. Aristophanes is telling Athenian men, and Athenians should concern themselves with preserving the old ways, lest they be lost. Aristophanes (Through the eyes of the women) mocks man's inclination for